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Sign languages are non-verbal languages used by many people all around the world. People use sign languages to convey messages through various gestures, body movements and lip patterns to express their thoughts to another person. In addition, mouthing or making what appears to be speech sounds is a very important aspect.
Sign languages were primarily developed in deaf communities. However, this form of communication is not only restricted to deaf and hard-of-hearing people but also their family, friends, interpreters and peers who interact with them. Sign languages usually have complex grammar patterns which are distinct from spoken dialects. While many sign languages have no official status, the popular ones have recognition and are taught at universities and schools in most countries.
Sign languages vary in different parts of the world and also from region to region. Some people use both their hands whereas others use only one hand. These kinds of variations are what make sign languages distinct from each other. In addition, many culturally well developed sign languages are used as a medium for staging performances like skits, plays and poetry.
The most commonly used and studied form of sign languages in North America is American Sign Language (ASL). Approximately 2 million people use ASL as their primary form of communication in the United States alone. William Stokoe convinced the linguistic community in the 1960’s that ASL was actually a natural language with its own grammar and syntax. ASL syntax is conveyed through a combination of hand features and word order. This approach is now being practiced by almost all popular sign languages. Although ASL has not been around for long, it has gained a lot of popularity among signers.
Sign languages can be interpreted not only by human beings but also by monkeys and chimpanzees. Research shows non-human primates can use sign languages to communicate. There are several notable examples of scientists who have taught non-human primates how to sign using basic gestures so they can communicate with humans. Chimpanzees and monkeys have been taught modified forms of sign languages by humans since late 1960. Some of these non-human primates have learned as many as 1000 gestures.
Exposure and teaching should begin as early as possible for a person to become fluent in any dialect. Studies have shown users of sign languages are more proficient than non-users. This information emphasizes the importance of early acquisition and exposure if a person wants to be thorough with signing. Nonetheless, it is never too late to learn.
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Additionally, different studies have shown the processing skills of people who are exposed to sign languages learn visual and mental images better than those people who are exposed to only hearing English. Although English speakers possess skills required to understand items, ASL users have shown a faster learning ability. This research suggests sign languages can enhance the processing skills of the human brain.